Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence

Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence Nature of the Problem, Assessment Procedures and Non-psychological Treatments 1) temper OF THE PROBLEM What is addiction? Both tobacco settlement and alcoholic beverage addiction are classified as a subtype at a lower place mall-related dis coordinates in the DMS-IV-TR. There has been disagreement on how to intend dependence or addiction, with different models focusing on any physiologic or psychological dependence. Physiological dependency: §         Tolerance: quiver hold of greater amounts of substance to fetch the same effect. §          pulling out: negatively charged physical response resulting from cessation chronic alcoholics shag have severe climb-down symptoms, including hand tremors, sickness and vomiting, anxiety and in extreme cases experience delirium tremens, which nominate produce hallucinations and body tremors (Barlow & angstrom; Durand, 2002). Psychological dependency: §           inclination: Need to ingest more of a substance §          recurrent use of a substance §         Likelihood use bequeath suck up after a period of frugality The DMS-IV-TR combines these two aspects of dependence when defining alcohol and tobacco dependency. The human relationship between nicotine and tobacco dependency The operating surgeon Generals brood (1988) on Smoking and Health stated that nicotine was the drug answerable for tobacco dependence (cited in Atrens, 2001). This statement has been support and pass judgment as the core element that makes quitting difficult (Shadel, Shiffman, Niaura, Nichter, & adenosine monophosphate; Abrams, 2000).

Nicotine is a mild CNS stimula! nt. Growing evidence suggests that honour effects of nicotine interfere with the balance of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, endorphins, epinephrine, and cholinergic (Killen, Fortmann, Schatzberg, Hayward, Sussman, Rothman, Strausberg & Varady, 2000). Atrens (2001) disputes this statement, believing the notion that nicotine is addictive lacks empirical support. The effects of nicotine on the brain are similar to harmless substance and events such as salt, sugar, exercise (Atrens, 2001). Also, the pleasure factor moldiness be taken into account, which may explain why many smokers can stop and others cannot, or... If you want to get a near essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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